FREDERICK WILLIAM KING OF PRUSSIA
* Issued an Edict supporting the church establishment, but at
the same time allowing
perfect freedom of thinking and conversing to the professors
of every Christian faith,
provided it was enjoyed without disturbing the general peace,
orany encroachment
on the rights of those already supported by law. His announcement
was attacked
from all hands, and criticisms, satires, and threatenings poured
in from every quarter.
His Edict was called "an unjustifyable tyranny over the conscience
of men", the
dogmas supported by it were called absurd superstitions; the
King's private
character and his opinions in religious matters were treated
with little reverence and
were ridiculed and scandalously abused. Then after flatly denying
that the Prince of
any country had the smallest right to proscribe, or even direct
the faith of his
subjects, they extended their discussions to the rights of
Princes in general; They then
made an attack in form on the Constitutions of the German confederacy,
and after the
usual approaches, they set up the standard of universal citizenship.
The most daring
of these attacks was a collection of anonymous letters on the
Constitution of the
Prussian States. This was thought to be the composition of
Mirabeau. The Monarch
was declared to be a tyrant, the people are addressed as a
parcel of tame wretches
crouching under oppression. The people of Silecia are represented
as still in worse
condition and are repeatedly called to rouse themselves and
to rise up and assert their
rights. The King is told, that there is a combination of philosophers,
who are leagued
together in defense of truth and reason, and which no power
can withstand; that they
are to be found in every country and are connected by mutual
and solemn engagement,
and will put in practice every mean of attack. Enlightening
instruction was the general
cry among the writers. The triumph of reason over error, the
overthrow of superstition
and slavish fear, freedom from religion and political prejudices,
and the establishment
of liberty and equality, the natural and unalienable rights
of man, were the topics of
general declamation; And it was openly maintained, that secret
societies, where the
communication of sentiment should be free from every restraint,
was the most effectual
means for instructing and enlightening the world. (Bk-42, P.
50-52)